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Compare Coral Sea Islands (2004) - Comoros (2004)

Compare Coral Sea Islands (2004) z Comoros (2004)

 Coral Sea Islands (2004)Comoros (2004)
 Coral Sea IslandsComoros
Administrative divisions - 3 islands; Grande Comore (Njazidja), Anjouan (Nzwani), and Moheli (Mwali); note - there are also four municipalities named Domoni, Fomboni, Moroni, and Moutsamoudou
Age structure - 0-14 years: 42.8% (male 140,083; female 139,245)


15-64 years: 54.2% (male 174,216; female 179,050)


65 years and over: 3% (male 9,136; female 10,171) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products - vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra, coconuts, bananas, cassava (tapioca)
Airports - 4 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 4


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Area total: less than 3 sq km


land: less than 3 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 780,000 sq km, with the Willis Islets the most important
total: 2,170 sq km


land: 2,170 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative NA slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Scattered over some 1 million square kilometers of ocean, the Coral Sea Islands were declared a territory of Australia in 1969. They are uninhabited except for a small meteorological staff on the Willis Islets. Automated weather stations, beacons, and a lighthouse occupy many other islands and reefs. Unstable Comoros has endured 19 coups or attempted coups since gaining independence from France in 1975. In 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Moheli declared their independence from Comoros. In 1999, military chief Col. AZALI seized power. He pledged to resolve the secessionist crisis through a confederal arrangement named the 2000 Fomboni Accord. In December 2001, voters approved a new constitution and presidential elections took place in the spring of 2002. Each island in the archipelago elected its own president and a new union president was sworn in on 26 May 2002.
Birth rate - 38 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget - revenues: $27.6 million


expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA (2001 est.)
Capital - Moroni
Climate tropical tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)
Coastline 3,095 km 340 km
Constitution - 23 December 2001


note: a Transitional National Unity Government (GUNT) was formed on 20 January 2002 following the passing of the new constitution; the GUNT governed until the presidential elections on 14 April 2002
Country name conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory


conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands
conventional long form: Union of the Comoros


conventional short form: Comoros


local long form: Union des Comores


local short form: Comores
Currency - Comoran franc (KMF)
Death rate - 8.63 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external - $232 million (2000 est.)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) the US does not have an embassy in Comoros; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to Comoros
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Mahmoud M. ABOUD (ambassador to the US and Canada and permanent representative to the UN)


chancery: (temporary) care of the Permanent Mission of the Union of the Comoros to the United Nations, 420 East 50th Street, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (212) 972-8010 and 223-2711


FAX: [1] (212) 983-4712 and 715-0699
Disputes - international none claims French-administered Mayotte
Economic aid - recipient - $10 million (2001 est.)
Economy - overview no economic activity One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of three islands that have inadequate transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, contributes 40% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice, the main staple, accounts for the bulk of imports. The government - which is hampered by internal political disputes - is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, to privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, to improve health services, to diversify exports, to promote tourism, and to reduce the high population growth rate. Increased foreign support is essential if the goal of 4% annual GDP growth is to be met. Remittances from 150,000 Comorans abroad help supplement GDP.
Electricity - consumption - 19.78 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 21.27 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Cato Island 6 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Le Kartala 2,360 m
Environment - current issues no permanent fresh water resources soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava
Exchange rates - Comoran francs (KMF) per US dollar - 435.9 (2003), 522.741 (2002), 549.779 (2001), 533.982 (2000), 461.775 (1999)


note: prior to January 1999, the official rate was pegged to the French franc at 75 Comoran francs per French franc; since 1 January 1999, the Comoran franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 491.9677 Comoran francs per euro
Executive branch administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories chief of state: President AZALI Assoumani (since 26 May 2002); note - following a 1999 coup AZALI was appointed president; in January 2002 he resigned his position to run in the 14 April 2002 presidential elections; Prime Minister Hamada Madi BOLERO was appointed interim president until replaced again by AZALI in May 2002 when BOLERO was appointed Minister of External Defense and Territorial Security; the president is both the chief of state and the head of government


head of government: President AZALI Assoumani (since 26 May 2002); note - following a 1999 coup AZALI was appointed president; in January 2002 he resigned his position to run in the 14 April 2002 presidential elections; Prime Minister Hamada Madi BOLERO was appointed interim president until replaced again by AZALI in May 2002 when BOLERO was appointed Minister of External Defense and Territorial Security; the president is both the chief of state and the head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: as defined by the 2001 constitution, the presidency rotates every four years among the elected presidents from the three main islands in the Union; election last held 14 April 2002 (next to be held NA April 2007); prime minister appointed by the president; note - AZALI has not appointed a Prime Minister since he was sworn into office in May 2002


election results: President AZALI Assoumani elected president with 75% of the vote
Exports - NA (2001)
Exports - commodities - vanilla, ylang-ylang, cloves, perfume oil, copra
Exports - partners - France 46.9%, Germany 18.8%, US 12.5% (2003)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of Australia is used four equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), white, red, and blue with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist; centered within the triangle is a white crescent with the convex side facing the hoist and four white, five-pointed stars placed vertically in a line between the points of the crescent; the horizontal bands and the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
GDP - purchasing power parity - $441 million (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 40%


industry: 4%


services: 56% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $700 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 2% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 18 00 S, 152 00 E 12 10 S, 44 15 E
Geography - note important nesting area for birds and turtles important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel
Highways - total: 880 km


paved: 673 km


unpaved: 207 km (1999 est)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports - NA (2001)
Imports - commodities - rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods; petroleum products, cement, transport equipment
Imports - partners - France 31.6%, Japan 13.7%, South Africa 10.3%, Kenya 5.1%, UAE 5.1%, Thailand 4.3% (2003)
Independence - 6 July 1975 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate - -2% (1999 est.)
Industries - tourism, perfume distillation
Infant mortality rate - total: 77.22 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 85.9 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 68.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 3.5% (2001 est.)
International organization participation - ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AMF, AU, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of the republic)
Labor force - 144,500 (1996 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 80%
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (2001)
arable land: 35.87%


permanent crops: 23.32%


other: 40.81% (2001)
Languages - Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)
Legal system the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply French and Sharia (Islamic) law in a new consolidated code
Legislative branch - unicameral Assembly of the Union (30 seats; half the deputies are selected by the individual islands' local assemblies and the other half by universal suffrage; deputies serve for five years); note - elections for the former legislature, the Federal Assembly (dissolved in 1999) were held on 1 and 8 December 1996; the next elections for the Assembly of the Union were scheduled to be held on 18 and 25 April 2004
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 61.57 years


male: 59.29 years


female: 63.91 years (2004 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 56.5%


male: 63.6%


female: 49.3% (2003 est.)
Location Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of Australia Southern Africa, group of islands at the northern mouth of the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique
Map references Oceania Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 3 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 62 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 452,801 GRT/681,343 DWT


by type: bulk 9, cargo 31, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger 4, petroleum tanker 5, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea/passenger 2, specialized tanker 4


foreign-owned: Bahamas 1, Bulgaria 1, Cyprus 1, Greece 7, Honduras 1, India 1, Kenya 1, Lebanon 7, Liberia 1, Marshall Islands 3, Pakistan 4, Panama 2, Russia 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Saudi Arabia 2, Syria 4, Turkey 21, United Kingdom 1, United States 1, Yemen 2 (2004 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors -
Military branches - Comoran Security Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $6 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 3% (2003)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 154,843 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 91,825 (2004 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 6 July (1975)
Nationality - noun: Comoran(s)


adjective: Comoran
Natural hazards occasional tropical cyclones cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano
Natural resources NEGL NEGL
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Forces pour l'Action Republicaine or FAR [Col. Abdourazak ABDULHAMID]; Forum pour la Redressement National or FRN (alliance of 12 parties); Front Democratique or FD [Moustoifa Said CHEIKH]; Front National pour la Justice or FNJ (Islamic party in opposition) [Ahmed RACHID]; Movement des Citoyens pour la Republique or MCR [Mahamoud MRADABI]; Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais or MPA (Anjouan separatist movement) [leader NA]; Mouvement pour la Democratie et le Progress or MDP-NGDC [Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Movement pour le Socialisme et la Democratie or MSD (splinter group of FD) [Abdou SOEFOU]; Parti Comorien pour la Democratie et le Progress or PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE]; Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND (party of the government) [Omar TAMOU, Abdoulhamid AFFRAITANE]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there is a staff of three to four at the meteorological station (2004 est.)
651,901 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line - 60% (2002 est.)
Population growth rate - 2.94% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Fomboni, Moroni, Moutsamoudou
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)
Religions - Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: sparse system of microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communication stations


domestic: HF radiotelephone communications and microwave radio relay


international: country code - 269; HF radiotelephone communications to Madagascar and Reunion
Telephones - main lines in use - 13,200 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 2,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations - NA
Terrain sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays) volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills
Total fertility rate - 5.15 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate - 20% (1996 est.)
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